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4 pilar safety management system
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Ramiro García Ramiro García EHS Manager/ Te ayudo a MEJORAR LAS CONDICIONES DE SEGURIDAD en tus operaciones, usando metodología WCM/TOYOTA con resultados a crear una CULTURA de seguridad de CLASE MUNDIAL Published Mar 24, 2021 The WCM World Class Manufacturing is a methodology with the main objective of eliminating losses and reduce the costs in the bussines for being more competitive on a world stage and a high performance has different levels to get 100% implementation as followsBronze Level 50 Points to achieve itSilver Level 60 Points to achieve itGold Level 70 Points to achieve itWCM Level 80-100 Points to achieve the excellence awardSafety Pillar is one of 10 technical pillars that make up the WCM System as well as 10 managerial the Safety Pillar its main goal is eliminate the accidents Zero accidents, according to the 7 steps and 3 phases as followsReactive Phase Step 1Step 1. Analysis of Accidents Analysis of causes The root cause of accidents is analyzed using different WCM safety tools as Sewo report, 5W+1H, 5G´s, 5 Why´s, sketches, body map, safety pyramid, etc. for preventing the accident Phase Step 2 to Step 5Step 2. Countermeasures and horizontal expansion The countermeasures of accidents are expanded to horizontal areas to prevent that occur similar accidents in other areas,Step 3. Setting tentative standards for Safety Risk Analysis The safety risk assesment development is the key activity for this step and so Job safety risk assesment JSRA and job safety risk prediction JSRP are WCM safety tools performed by workstation for entire facility to eliminate unsafe conditions as well predict unsafe the other hand the "JSRA&JSRP awareness training" must be carried out to all involved workers as criticall part of safety 4. General Inspection for Safety Safety Management Audit Training Smat is a WCM safety audit performed by management Top managment, managers, engineers, chiefs, supervisors for auditing the different areas of plant to identify mainly unsafe acts as well unsafe objective of this step is to teach to operators about hazardous situations that could be performing in theirs workstation given them safety feedback for increasing the safety awareness in the team and get the root cause it using the WCM safety tool called TWTTP interview to establish 5. Autonomous Inspection Safety inspections are self-initiated by supervisors and operators in theirs different areas performing diffrents safety activities as followsSmat audit, area safety check list, safety talks, safety tags, safety kptain process, Phase Step 6 and Step 7Step 6 Autonomous Standard Team initiated activities are performed to promote the autonomous safety in workteams in the different areas of plant using WCM safety tools asAdvanced Risk prediction, TWTTP-HERCA, Kiken Yochi Training, Dojo Training, RJA, Sewo- RCA as well safety projects implementation to prevent the human this step are analyzed the unsafe acts with SEWO report to find the root cause of these and so can prevent them, The motivation of all workers is inceased to maintain the zero accidents and mutual 7 Full Implementation of Safety Pillar System Autonomous Safety is maintained by all workers in the site and so high safety standards are performed as part of safety pillar system also are linked other systems as ISO 45001, Corporate guidelines, etc.***"Safety First", just decide to be part of it.*** BackgroundAlthough diffuse alveolar damage (DAD) is considered the typical histological pattern of acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), only half of patients exhibit this morphological hallmark. Patients with DAD may have higher mortality than those without DAD. Therefore, we aimed to identify the factors associated with DAD in patients with ARDS. If there’s one takeaway for new professionals in aviation safety management, it’s that aviation risk management is a process. It is not a single, solid “thing.” This process is cyclical and can be identified by several stages that form a systematic approach to safety risk management, including Establishing acceptable levels of safety, including defining likelihood and severity; Hazard identification, including identification of risks, hazard mechanisms, and other safety weaknesses; Evaluation of safety behavior, bureaucracy, and other factors that influence safety; Creation of control measures designed to mitigate the likelihood and impact of hazards and risk consequences; Implementation of risk controls into the existing safety management system; Monitoring the operating environment and efficacy of risk controls; and Communicating risk to employees and stakeholders. Related Aviation Risk Management Articles Difference between Reactive, Predictive and Proactive Risk Management in Aviation SMS What Is the Process of Risk Management in Aviation SMS 3 Main Components of Aviation Risk Management Other resources online will usually identify anywhere from three to five stages in the risk management process, but we have identified seven stages in order to close the feedback loop with Monitoring and Awareness. Risk Management and Hazard Identification Hazard identification in the safety risk management process requires several things Awareness of operational processes, relevant safety data, techniques, and strategies; Thorough risk analysis activities and documentation of hazards, risk consequences, and mitigation strategies risk controls; and Ability to spot threats in the operational environment identify, and then document any new hazards. Hazard and risk awareness are inspired in several different ways Industry experience; Experience in a particular location/environment, such as long-term employment with the same company; Through safety promotion, such as safety newsletters, lessons learned library, safety meetings, and so on; and Probably most obviously, from aviation safety training. Hazard identification is the end product of safety awareness, and should result in enhanced safety hazard reporting activities. Hazard reporting is an essential bridge between Safety Risk Management and Safety Assurance. When hazards are being reported, it's a good indication that they have been properly identified and employees are aware of them. Hazard identification can occur in two components of the aviation SMS Safety risk management SRM during proactive hazard identification activities; and Safety assurance SA monitoring activities. Aviation SMS' risk management processes are iterative in nature. Most existing operators have processes and workflows to deliver products and services to their clients. Documented processes provide management the assurances that the company can repeatedly deliver its products and/or services in a safe efficient manner. In an aviation SMS, these documented processes live in the SRM component. Most operators will have a hazard register that lists out operational hazards; associated risk consequences should a hazard manifest itself; and risk controls to correct, prevent or detect developing hazards. Hazard registers may also contain relevant review documentation, such as who owns the associated process? when was the hazard last evaluated? what reported safety issues and audit findings are related to each hazard? Hazard registers are commonly managed in either spreadsheets very small operators or unsophisticated SMS data management strategies; or SMS databases. In the early years of SMS implementations, operators will commonly store their list of hazards in a spreadsheet. The problem the spreadsheet presents is that it is disconnected from the SMS risk management system. Operators that use an integrated SMS database can manage their all SMS activities within one system. A simple way of considering these integrated SMS databases to manage hazards is to think of A system of related data management systems. Related Aviation SMS Data Management Articles 5 Most Important Things to Know before Buying Aviation SMS Database 3 Benefits of Aviation Safety Management System SMS Databases 5 Things Spreadsheets Can’t Do for Your SMS Aviation SMS Is Also a System of Related Systems Safety professionals recognize that an SMS implementation covers a wide range of activities that can be grouped under the four pillars Safety policy; Safety risk management; Safety assurance; and Safety promotion. All four components are essential to an effective, compliant aviation SMS. For example, employees are encouraged to monitor the "operational systems" and report potential hazards using the "safety reporting system." Both safety reporting and auditing are part of the safety assurance SA component. Employees' submitted safety reports and audit findings enter the SMS "risk management system" where risk analysis is performed and affected systems' designs are reviewed. Subject matter experts and process owners review affected systems' designs in the safety risk management SRM component. Before employees report safety issues, they need training on what sort of anomalies to be aware of. Employees need training and a continual reminder to remain alert for potential safety concerns. Safety training and increasing employee awareness are managed in the "safety promotion" component. Finally, to encourage safety reporting activities, employees need some assurances and protections against management reprisals for self-reporting. Who is responsible for reporting safety issues? Who is responsible for managing the reported safety issues? These SMS elements are managed under the safety policy component. As we can see from a very simple example, all four components are related and are important for an organization to successfully practice safety risk management processes. Determining Acceptable Level of Risk An essential part of hazard identification is the risk analysis where subject matter experts and safety professionals Evaluate the adequacy of existing controls for reducing the likelihood of hazard expression or subsequent accident; Evaluate existing conditions of the company, such as safety culture, behaviors, Norms, quality of documentation and analysis, etc.; Determine overall exposure based on severity and likelihood; and Assess the risk of hazard expression or accident/incident. Evaluation and risk assessment of safety issues involves Determining the future likelihood of the issue having negative consequences; The potential severity of likely negative consequences; Traditionally, risk assessments are performed on the risk of a hazard - the likelihood of a risk occurring, and the severity of damages from the risk. However, many oversight agencies tend to be open to performing risk assessments on the likelihood and relative danger level of hazard expression dangerous condition, which allows organizations to control danger at an earlier stage in the flow of safety events and mitigate danger at root causes/hazard mechanisms. In general, this is a very proactive practice, but you just need to make sure you can explain and justify any risk assessment. Aviation service providers usually don't receive findings for the "correctness" of their actions, but rather their inability to show their processes, explain their processes, or document relevant information. Related Aviation Risk Management Articles What Are Important Factors of Aviation Risk Management Process 8 Stages of Safety Events in Aviation Risk Management Process How to Document Your System Processes in Aviation SMS Safety Risk Management and Developing Risk Controls Risk controls are your aviation SMS' front line of defense against hazard occurrence and accidents. An essential part of the SRM process is developing risk controls where needed. By "where needed" we mean Existing risk controls don't bring the condition to an acceptable level of safety inadequacy, drift; No risk control exists for a condition non-existence; or New hazards or risks are introduced by a risk control substitute risk. In either of the above scenarios, risk controls will need to be Created; Analyzed; and Implemented. Controls are generally implemented through the management of change process or issue management process, depending on the nature and scope of the new/updated control. Safety Risk Management Processes Never Stop Through the safety risk management process, there is a trend toward ever-occurring continuous improvement of the operator's system and operational processes. As time passes and hazards have been mitigated, the system will naturally improve. Yet there will never become a time where the operator enjoys complete safety unless they cease operations. The "aviation system" is an open system and the operating environment always changes. Risk will never be completely mitigated in an open system. The continual treatment of safety concerns as they arise will afford the best risk management solution that we can develop at this point of our existence. This is the reason we have required aviation SMS implementations operators would not seek out and adopt effective risk management processes without government intervention. Related Aviation SMS Implementation Articles Why Should We Implement Aviation SMS? SMS First Steps - How to Create an SMS Implementation Plan Implementing Aviation SMS for Small Providers Final Thought Risk Management Self Evaluation Evaluating your own processes in the risk management process is vital. It’s important to pay attention to things like How efficient are your risk management tools? How in-depth is your safety data – how complex are your metrics? How straightforward are your bureaucratic processes could a stranger easily understand your processes? The SRM process is what you do to Identify hazards; Assess risk; Identify risks scenarios risk consequences; and Manage risk controls. All of your risk management activities will be revolving around these concepts as you design new systems or monitor existing operational processes. These workflows and guides for safety performance may provide very useful in honing your risk management processes. Last updated in September 2022. Topics 2-Safety Risk Management SistemProduksi Toyota pada dasarnya terdiri dari dua pilar utama yaitu “ Just In Time (JIT) ” dan “ Jidoka ” yang didukung oleh Kaizen, Standarisasi kerja, Heijunka, PDCA, 5S, Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) dan metode-metode ilmiah lainnya sebagai pondasi yang biasanya digambarkan dengan bentuk “Rumah” seperti pada gambar